This article studies Polo's interpretation of the relation that Leibniz establishes between possibility and necessity. The necessity, understood as the totality of the possibility, allows Leibniz to reach the final formulation of the ontologic argument to demonstrate the existence of God, as well as to describe the essence of the Absolute.

En este artículo se estudia la transformación del concepto de Belleza en la obra de Agostino Nifo. Para ello compararemos las princiales tesis defendidas por Nifo con las que defiende Santo Tomás de Aquino en esta materia. El resultado es el siguiente: los aspectos referidos a la Belleza en la obra de Nifo, están presentes en la tradición, pero vacíos de contenido. Como quiera que la Belleza es reducida al ámbito sensible, por eso pierde el carácter transcendental.

The possibility of the knowledge of God is a significant question in the philosophy of Nicolás of Cusa. This leads to a particular natural theology with its corresponding method of knowledge, in which the intellectual desire is a constituent element which is knowledge in itself.The desire is the natural way to tend towards the Absolute. Desiring means somehow knowing; above all, it means knowing what it is not known and for that same reason something which cannot stop being desired. Besides, (...) the desire is possible because God is present in some way in the mind, which is what prompts the mind to desire. The desire is infinite because it cannot cease and because its object is also infinite.God appears in our cognitive activity more as an archetypal presence than as an external object of knowledge. This presence is the cause of the intellectual activity and the condition of the possibility of the knowledge of the external objects. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la aportación que Leonardo Polo hace a la ética del cuidado a partir de dos documentos inéditos que, unidos a su teoría antropológica, proporcionan elementos significativos que pueden ayudar a fundamentar esta disciplina, que apunta a situarse, desde distintos ámbitos y planteamientos intelectuales, en el contexto teórico de la ética, como una pieza importante para dotar a la sociedad de una dimensión humana imprescindible para su adecuado desarrollo como sociedad.

Esse estudo mostra os resultados da tese de doutorado que investiga se o Movimento dos Sem Terra contribui para a construção da hegemonia dos trabalhadores por meio da promoção de uma Reforma Intelectual e Moral, no Estado de São Paulo, visando construir uma Nuova Civiltà. O norte da pesquisa é dado pela trajetória de luta do MST e o seu significado político, tendo por base a filosofia da práxis e os pressupostos teóricos postulados por Antonio Gramsci. Pretendia-se observar se o (...) ideário gramsciano encontra-se atuante, em que medida se tornou relevante para a práxis política do MST.This survey shows the results of the doctor’s thesis that discusses if The Movement of the Homeless helps to build the hegemony of the workers throughout a promotion of an Intellectual and Moral Reform in the state of Sao Paulo, with the intended possibility of building a “Nuova Civilta”. The focus of the survey will show the history of the fight of the MST and its political meaning based on the Philosophy of Praxis and the theoretical thinking of Antonio Gramsci. I intend to show if Gramsci’s ideology is relevant today and in which way it became relevant through the political praxis of the MST. (shrink)

Background Considering the extensive debate that is currently taking place in Spain regarding euthanasia, it is important to examine the attitude of professionals who perform most of their duties at the bedside of these patients and their families. Objectives The aim of the present study was to present an adaptation and validation of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties among a sample of nursing students in Spain. Research design A cross-sectional study design was conducted. Participants and (...) research context Non-probabilistic sampling was used to recruit 396 Spanish nursing students. Methods A self-report questionnaire, including socio-demographic data and the Euthanasia Attitude Scale, were used for data collection. The psychometric properties of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale were assessed, including reliability and validity. Fit indices of the overall model were computed. Ethical considerations This study was approved by the Hospital Ethical Committee. Students were informed of the aims and procedures and provided written informed consent prior to data collection. Results The factorial solution comprised four domains and the scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha =.878). For the exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index of sampling adequacy was.905 and the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was 2972.79 (p <.001). The initial factorial solution revealed four factors with eigenvalues of 6.78 for the first factor, 1.90 for the second one, 1.29 for the third, and 1.10 for the fourth factor. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between religiosity and the domains of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale. Discussion This study obtained a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of.88 which is in consonance with the findings reported by other studies whereby none of the items were removed and the initial structure based on four domains was conserved, with a factorial solution that explains 52.79% of the total variance. The displacement of some items of the domain may be explained by certain religious and/or cultural components as, in accordance with other studies, people with firm religious beliefs are more inclined to refuse euthanasia. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, the Euthanasia Attitude Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the attitudes toward euthanasia in a sample of Spanish nursing students. This Spanish adaptation will be valuable in future studies examining the attitude and implication of nurses, understanding that nurses are key figures in the euthanasia debate. (shrink)

The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the existing literature studying the relationship between emotional intelligence and risk behavior. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific evidence available relating both constructs. Particular attention was paid to identifying possible differences in this relationship as a function of the different conceptualizations of EI and the risk domain. The study was conducted following the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Our results revealed a (...) significant negative relationship between EI and health-related risk behaviors. However, this relationship was not observed in other risk domains such as finance and gambling. The relationship between EI and risk behavior differed according to the risk domain studied, which supports the notion that risk is a domain-specific construct. The results associated with the health-related risk behaviors are consistent with existing literature about the positive impact of emotional abilities on the health domain. A more complete understanding of the emotional mechanisms that underlie risk behavior could help to establish action guidelines and improve programmes to prevent and reduce the negative effects of risk behavior on our society. (shrink)

Socializamos aquí una experiencia llevada a cabo por un grupo de docentes, de nivel medio, que ha conformado un Equipo ESI. Nos referimos al Proyecto de Promotoras Estudiantiles de Género, que vibra en una escuela que se encuentra atravesada por un complejo entramado de relaciones sociales. El mismo, busca aportar a la construcción de un proyecto educativo que habite los intersticios de la escuela formal desde una pedagogía otra. El contexto en el que se encuentra inscripta la escuela, configura las (...) identidades estudiantiles, sobre las que recaen múltiples opresiones de género, clase, nacionalidad. Las juventudes subalternizadas que habitan esta escuela invitan a romper con la categoría monolítica de juventud, y ello implica un desafío para que nuestras prácticas docentes no reproduzcan, en términos de Guha un colonialismo discursivo. (shrink)

EDUCERE is a government funded research and development project. EDUCERE objectives are to investigate, develop, and evaluate innovative solutions for society to detect changes in psychomotor development through the natural interaction of children with toys and everyday objects, and perform stimulation and early attention activities in real environments such as home and school. In the EDUCERE project, an ethical impact assessment is carried out linked to a minors’ data protection rights. Using a specific methodology, the project has achieved some promising (...) results. These include use of a prototype of smart toys to detect development difficulties in children. In addition, privacy protection measures which take into account the security concerns of health data, have been proposed and applied. This latter security framework could be useful in other Internet of Things related projects. It consists of legal and technical measures. Special attention has been placed in the transformation of bulk data such as acceleration and jitter of toys into health data when patterns of atypical development are found. The article describes the different security profiles in which users are classified. (shrink)

Banking firms are becoming increasingly aware that their clients’ management of environmental and social risks may in term threaten their own business as lenders and investors. In addition, stakeholders are requiring banks to improve their social performance. As a result, some banks are developing corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and management systems to reduce potential risks and improve their performance. In the Spanish financial system, half of the banking firms are savings banks, most of which have always used some Corporate (...) Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria in their management. Private Banks have only recently started to integrate social aspects in their performance. However, no formal analysis has been carried out on the impact of CSR strategies. Various initiatives have been launched nationally and internationally to include the social dimension in management systems. The purpose of this research is to analyse the social performance of the main Spanish financial companies through public data such as social or sustainability reports and media sources. In order to do this, we need to determine which CSR criteria most greatly affect banking firms and to choose the most accurate quantitative and qualitative indicators to measure social performance. (shrink)

Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la conformación del Atlas Iberoamericano en Bioética que ha desarrollado el Centro Anáhuac de Desarrollo Estratégico en Bioética (CADEBI) respecto a la identificación y análisis de las instituciones de Bioética existentes en la Región. Se realizó una revisión documental a través de motores de búsqueda, bases de datos, redes sociales y otras fuentes. La información obtenida se agrupó en seis diferentes categorías de acuerdo con la estructura, objetivos y actividades que desarrollan. De (...) esta manera, se realizó un diagnóstico inicial con base en las fuentes documentales disponibles en la Web. Como parte de los resultados, se identificaron 157 instituciones en 25 países; así como la variación en la densidad institucional, concentrándose principalmente en España (29 instituciones), México (26 instituciones), Argentina (17 instituciones), Brasil (13 instituciones), Chile (11 instituciones) y Colombia (8 instituciones). Además, se resalta la importancia de las comisiones nacionales de bioética en el desarrollo institucional, señalando la relación entre el avance científico y tecnológico de los países y el desarrollo de la bioética. El texto concluye con la propuesta de crear un Observatorio de la Red Iberoamericana de Bioética para documentar y promover el intercambio institucional y científico en la Región, así como algunas recomendaciones derivadas del desarrollo de este trabajo. (shrink)

El texto presenta una visión detallada sobre la importancia y operación del Observatorio de la Red Iberoamericana de Bioética (ORIBI), argumentando la relevancia de la bioética en la contemporaneidad. La bioética, definida como la ética aplicada a la vida, ha expandido su influencia más allá de la medicina para abarcar áreas como el medio ambiente, derechos humanos y lucha contra la pobreza, destacando el enfoque interdisciplinario esencial para abordar dilemas éticos complejos. El ORIBI, desarrollado por el Centro Anáhuac de Desarrollo (...) Estratégico en Bioética (CADEBI), busca consolidar algunos esfuerzos dispersos en Iberoamérica, fomentando la colaboración regional en investigación, formación y gestión de la bioética. Se destaca la necesidad de trabajo colaborativo entre observatorios existentes, aprovechando recursos y conocimientos para promover el bienestar social. El ORIBI planea su acción en torno al monitoreo continuo, análisis de actividades y red de vinculación, apoyándose en herramientas como el Atlas Iberoamericano de Bioética y una serie de indicadores de seguimiento. Este enfoque estratégico y flexible permite adaptar la operación del observatorio a desafíos emergentes. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una propuesta didáctica atractiva y motivadora que favorezca la implicación del alumnado universitario en las asignaturas vinculadas a la Historia económica. A través de una metodología propia de la Historia Oral se pretende establecer un vínculo entre los estudiantes, las técnicas de investigación historiográfica y la evolución histórica de su región en materia económica y social. Los resultados de este proyecto confirman que su aplicación hace el proceso de aprendizaje más significativo, conecta a (...) sus participantes con el mundo que les rodea y les ayuda a comprender cómo se hace y se escribe la historia. (shrink)

This article aims to measure both the economic and social value of Tecnocampus, a Science and Technology Park in its region of influence. Our results show that the impact of Tecnocampus has a socioeconomic cost–benefit ratio of 2.39. Measuring the impact of this multifaceted centre requires a diverse approach. Although the methods used are not new, the combination of them presents a novel approach to measure the impact of an institution of this nature. We have measured the economic value with (...) the Input–Output model, including the Social Accounting Matrix. On the other hand, for social value calculations, we have used cost–benefit analysis adding measurements of firm localisation to estimate externality effects. Our main results present an economic value of more than 0.054% of the Catalan GDP, whereas the employment impact represents almost 0.37% of total employment in the region. The total economic multiplier of Tecnocampus activity is estimated to be 1.89. Social value generates an additional 0.50 euros to the multiplier according with our analysis. This additional social value represents an increase of productivity estimated in 20 million euros of operational income for Catalan firms and the creation of seven additional firms in the Maresme region as a result of knowledge spillovers. The social value also includes reduction of over-education caused by a better matching between graduates and enterprises, a more direct application of research, and an increase in consumer surplus. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our findings to promote investments in this kind of infrastructures. (shrink)

The acquisition and evolution of speech production, discourse and communication can be negatively impacted by brain malformations. We describe, for the first time, a case of developmental dynamic dysphasia (DDD) in a right-handed adolescent boy (subject D) with cortical malformations involving language-eloquent regions (inferior frontal gyrus) in both the left and the right hemispheres. Language evaluation revealed a markedly reduced verbal output affecting phonemic and semantic fluency, phrase and sentence generation and verbal communication in everyday life. Auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, (...) reading and spelling were relatively preserved, but executive function was impaired. Multimodal neuroimaging showed a malformed cerebral cortex with atypical configuration and placement of white matter tracts bilaterally and abnormal callosal fibers. Dichotic listening showed right hemisphere dominance for language and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) additionally revealed dissociated hemispheric language representation with right frontal activation for phonology and bilateral dominance for semantic processing. Moreover, subject D also had congenital mirror movements (CMM), defined as involuntary movements of one side of the body that mirror intentional movements of the other side. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and fMRI during voluntary unimanual (left and right) hand movements showed bilateral motor cortex recruitment and tractography revealed a lack of decussation of bilateral corticospinal tracts. Genetic testing aimed to detect mutations that disrupt the development of commissural tracts correlating with CMM (e.g., Germline DCC mutations) was negative. Overall, our findings suggest that DDD in subject D resulted from the underdevelopment of the left inferior frontal gyrus with limited capacity for plastic reorganization by its homologous counterpart in the right hemisphere. Corpus callosum anomalies probably contributed to hinder interhemispheric connectivity necessary to compensate language and communication deficits after left frontal involvement. (shrink)

Feminist reflections on the sexual division of labour have given rise to a body of knowledge on the ethics of care from different disciplines, including philosophy, in which outstanding contributions to the topic have been formulated. This approach is applicable to the analysis of any phenomenon and particularly that of disasters. As various investigations have highlighted, the consequences on the population throughout all of a disaster’s phases (prevention, emergency, and reconstruction) require an analysis of differentiated vulnerabilities based on gender and (...) other identity categories, such as social class, ethnicity, age, disability, sexual identity, etc. The interrelation between all these variables gives rise to differentiated impacts that cannot be ignored in catastrophic contexts, where survival and sustaining life are at stake, so care becomes a central issue. Research on the topic has also identified that, along with the analysis of social vulnerability, we must consider the capacity for agency, both individual and collective, where care is once again of vital importance. Considering the gender approach and its multiple intersections is thus a fundamental theoretical-practical proposal for the study of disasters from philosophy, as it implies an unavoidable epistemic, ontological, and ethical reflection in the face of risk reduction. (shrink)